CO₂ Circle Lab tests CO2 recovery from the gas streams of industrial processes (e.g. refineries, cement, iron & steel production, natural gas processing, hydrogen production), power plants and biogas plants, and in future perspectives also from air (Direct Air Capture).
Services of the test bench for CO2 capture, with traditional (e.g., amine-based aqueous solutions) and innovative (e.g., ionic liquids) solvents, include:
Services of the test bench for CO2 separation via membrane process include:
Revenue streams for Power-to-Hydrogen range from supplying hydrogen to industry and transport applications to providing electricity grid services and injecting hydrogen into the gas grid.
CO2 Circle Lab low-temperature electrochemical test stations aim at:
Several value streams for Power-to-Hydrogen are envisaged from selling hydrogen to industry and transport applications, to providing electricity grid services and injecting hydrogen into the gas grid.
CO2 Circle Lab high-temperature electrochemical test station aims at:
CO2 Circle Lab enables several approaches for the conversion of waste streams (CO2 or organics in wastewater from industrial processes) to useful products, in a circular economy perspective, by exploiting renewable energy sources - water and sunlight or renewably produced H2. In this context, the modular (photo-)electrocatalytic test benches are aimed to:
The availability of the microactivity Effi reactor system affords::
The in situ TEM affords the observation of the evolution of the catalyst while cycling at the same electrochemical conditions operated ex-situ.
CO2 Circle Lab allows to test and validate a wide variety of processes and uses for the valorisation of organic products / by-products with various purposes, as for example, energy production, through anaerobic fermentation, and extraction of compounds with high added value.
The services offered by the area can be detailed as follows:
Several value streams for the conversion of waste streams (CO2 or organics in wastewater from industrial processes) to useful products can be outlined, in a circular economy approach, by exploiting renewable energy sources (like water and sunlight or renewably produced H2).
The modular photo/electrocatalytic test benches are aimed at:
The Microactivity Effi reactor system is aimed at:
The CO₂ Circle Lab test benches allow to study, to simulate and to validate models considering several aspects related to the RES: wind solar and geothermal sources. The main services could be summarized as follows:
Thanks to the laboratory equipment it is possible to study the behavior of hardware devices and equipment, management and control systems, protection systems, inserted with (power) hardware in the loop mode in the simulated working environment. It is also possible to study the impact of such devices on the power grid.
The services proposed are:
CO2 Circle Lab brings green biotech solutions for carbon recycling to market. The secret is microorganisms that turn the carbon in industrial exhaust gas into revenue products. The biotechnological solutions proposed include:
CO2 Circle Lab emploies nanostructured materials and nanotechnologies in the fabrication of laboratory prototypes for energy harvesting and storage devices, also in flexible, wire-shaped or floating architectures for advanced and innovative applications. The principal subjects under development are: supercapacitors and hybrid devices for energy harvesting and storage. CO2 Circle Lab develops also solutions to integrate the previous prototypes with CO2 electro-reduction reactors.
CO2 Circle Lab enables the complete characterization of pre-industrial cells, modules and battery packs. The testing carried out consist in:
Calendar aging is influenced by the storage parameters, namely the temperature and the state of charge (SOC). The degradation during cycle aging depends on the operating parameters: temperature, state of charge (SOC), current amplitude and depth of discharge (DOD). For both, calendar and cycle aging, aging mechanisms are usually investigated by alternating electrochemical characterizations at a reference condition with storage or cycling periods at predefined conditions.
CO₂ Circle Lab offers the following services: